Cyber security
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Cyberattacks

There are two broad categorized types of cyberattacks - passive attacks and active attacks. These two broad categories of attacks are defined as follows:

Passive attack

A passive attack is a hacking attempt where data and hardware is monitored and tracked, but no alterations are made. Often, a program or human hacker gain access to a computer or network and monitor the activity of the user, tracking emails, internet usage, and even using the system's microphone or camera to spy on the user.

Active attack

An active attack is a hacking attempt where the attacker attempts to alter, add or control data or hardware. This is the type of attack most commonly associated with hacking and includes attack types like Denial of Service and Malware.

While these general types of cyberattacks remain largely the same, the specific types of cyberattacks are constantly changing with technology.

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Types of Cyberattacks

There are many specific types of cyberattacks being used today, posing threats from a variety of sources. Below is a list of the kinds of cyberattacks most commonly faced by businesses, what they are and some cybersecurity examples. This learning is intended to help users avoid cyberattacks and identify threats early.

  • 1Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)
  • 2Ransomware
  • 3Password Attacks – Brute force
  • 4Malware/Adware/Spyware/Viruses
  • 5Insider Attacks
  • 6Denial of Service (DoS)
  • 7Phishing
  • 8Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)
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1. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)

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question 1

Is it safe to connect your laptop or mobile device into the following networks? (Mark all that apply)

question 2

If I connect into an open unknown or neighboring network, is it safe to enter private information such as passwords, bank account information, etc.?

question 3

What is an SSL certificate, and what does it do?<br>(Check all that apply)

question 4

Should I enter private information into a website that doesn’t have an SSL?

2. Ransomware

question 5

Which of the following is an indication of ransomware?

3. Password Attacks – Brute force

question 6

The following password policies should be used <br> (Check all that apply)

4. Malware/Adware/Spyware/Viruses

question 7

If you receive an alert while visiting a website prompting you to do a scan on your computer because a virus was detected, what should you do?

question 8

How does a virus/adware/malware become installed?

question 9

What is more dangerous?

question 10

Define Malware

question 11

Define Adware

question 12

Define a Virus

question 13

When downloading something from your web browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, etc.), and a window opens offering free trial software, (i.e.  free anti-virus from McAfee), what should you do?

question 14

When a browser asks me to save cookies, what are browser cookies, and what should I do? (Mark all that apply)

question 15

When you receive pop-ups requesting you to perform an update, what should you do?

5. Insider Attacks

question 16

If I notice unusual user activity, who should I report it to?

6. Denial of Service (DoS)

question 17

Which of these are potential DDoS attack targets?

question 18

Can my computer be used as a DDoS by a hacker?

7. Phishing

question 19

How do I verify if an email or link is legitimate?<br />(Check all that apply)

question 20

When you visit a website and are interested in their marketing, advertising:

8. Advanced Persistent Threats (APT)

question 21

Is it okay to connect a personal USB or device into a computer?